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81.
Tammy L. Henderson Maria Sirois Angela Chia-Chen Chen Christopher Airriess David A. Swanson David Banks 《Population research and policy review》2009,28(1):67-92
In 2005, the National Science Foundation funded a number of projects to study the impact of Hurricane Katrina. The current
article provides an overview of several research approaches used to conduct post-Katrina research. Each method had some advantages
and disadvantages. The post-disaster context meant that experience from traditional survey methods often did not apply. Comparisons
of advantages and disadvantages associated with each sampling method serve to inform future post-disaster research and illuminate
the limits of classical research methods. 相似文献
82.
Carissa L. Shafto Christopher M. Conway Suzanne L. Field Derek M. Houston 《Infancy》2012,17(3):247-271
Research suggests that non-linguistic sequence learning abilities are an important contributor to language development (Conway, Bauernschmidt, Huang, & Pisoni, 2010). The current study investigated visual sequence learning as a possible predictor of vocabulary development in infants. Fifty-eight 8.5-month-old infants were presented with a three-location spatiotemporal sequence of multi-colored geometric shapes. Early language skills were assessed using the MacArthur-Bates CDI. Analyses of children's reaction times to the stimuli suggest that the extent to which infants demonstrated learning was significantly correlated with their vocabulary comprehension at the time of test and with their gestural comprehension abilities 5 months later. These findings suggest that visual sequence learning may have both domain-general and domain-specific associations with language learning. 相似文献
83.
Christopher A. Mebane 《Risk analysis》2010,30(2):203-223
Criteria to protect aquatic life are intended to protect diverse ecosystems, but in practice are usually developed from compilations of single‐species toxicity tests using standard test organisms that were tested in laboratory environments. Species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) developed from these compilations are extrapolated to set aquatic ecosystem criteria. The protectiveness of the approach was critically reviewed with a chronic SSD for cadmium comprising 27 species within 21 genera. Within the data set, one genus had lower cadmium effects concentrations than the SSD fifth percentile‐based criterion, so in theory this genus, the amphipod Hyalella, could be lost or at least allowed some level of harm by this criteria approach. However, population matrix modeling projected only slightly increased extinction risks for a temperate Hyalella population under scenarios similar to the SSD fifth percentile criterion. The criterion value was further compared to cadmium effects concentrations in ecosystem experiments and field studies. Generally, few adverse effects were inferred from ecosystem experiments at concentrations less than the SSD fifth percentile criterion. Exceptions were behavioral impairments in simplified food web studies. No adverse effects were apparent in field studies under conditions that seldom exceeded the criterion. At concentrations greater than the SSD fifth percentile, the magnitudes of adverse effects in the field studies were roughly proportional to the laboratory‐based fraction of species with adverse effects in the SSD. Overall, the modeling and field validation comparisons of the chronic criterion values generally supported the relevance and protectiveness of the SSD fifth percentile approach with cadmium. 相似文献
84.
Christopher G. Boone Mary L. Cadenasso J. Morgan Grove Kirsten Schwarz Geoffrey L. Buckley 《Urban Ecosystems》2010,13(3):255-271
As highly managed ecosystems, urban areas should reflect the social characteristics of their managers, who are primarily residents.
Since landscape features develop over time, we hypothesize that present-day vegetation should also reflect social characteristics
of past residents. Using an urban-to-suburban watershed in the Baltimore Metropolitan Region, this paper examines the relationship
between demographics, housing characteristics, and lifestyle clusters from 1960 and 2000 with areas of high woody and herbaceous
vegetation cover in 1999. We find that 1960 demographics and age of housing are better predictors of high woody or tree coverage
in 1999 than demographics and housing characteristics from 2000. Key variables from 1960 are percent in professional occupations
(+), percent of pre-WWI housing (−), percent of post-WWII housing (+), and population density (−). Past and present demographic
and housing variables are poor predictors of high herbaceous cover in 1999. Lifestyle clusters for 2000 are very good predictors
of high herbaceous coverage in 1999, but lifestyle clusters from 1960 and 2000 are poor predictors of high woody vegetation
coverage. These findings suggest that herbaceous or grassy areas, typically lawns, are good reflections of contemporary lifestyle
characteristics of residents while neighborhoods with heavy tree canopies have largely inherited the preferred landscapes
of past residents and communities. Biological growth time scales of trees and woody vegetation means that such vegetation
may outlast the original inhabitants who designed, purchased, and planted them. The landscapes we see today are therefore
legacies of past consumption patterns. 相似文献
85.
Christopher C. Weiss E. Christine Baker‐Smith 《Journal of research on adolescence》2010,20(4):825-839
We examine a set of academic and social outcomes in 9th grade, comparing middle school attendees with those who attended K‐8 schools. Previous research with these data has shown that there are few differences in 8th‐grade outcomes by school type. Here we extend these findings to determine whether school form influences student outcomes in the first year of high school. The results reveal several domains in which attendance at a middle school results in worse outcomes (e.g., greater rates of course failure); however, we find that a large portion of the difference by type of a student's 8th‐grade school is accounted for by differential rates of attendance at the district's magnet schools. That is, our results indicate that type of school attended during the middle grades is significantly and positively related to magnet school attendance and thereby on the academic outcomes in the 9th‐grade year. 相似文献
86.
Two competing and yet complementary philosophical concepts form the foundation for the legal protection of intellectual property – ‘competing’ in that created works protected by copyright are unavailable for unrestricted use by others as a result of the economic monopoly given to the works’ owners, and ‘complementary’ in that the presumption is that works no longer protected by copyright serve as the basis for the creation of new copyrightable works. These unprotected works comprise the ‘public domain,’ which has never been affirmatively defined. In Golan v. Holder (2012), the US Supreme Court concluded that such a realm is constitutionally unimportant. This research contends, however, that the Court's decision is incorrect, that Golan, federal legislation, and international treaties threaten to bring larger and larger portions of cultural and intellectual content under the control of a property regime that does not understand the contradiction inherent in the notion of absolute property rights in intangible goods. The result is that the public domain is under tremendous pressure from those entities which have the most to gain from expanded authorial rights and from a weakened and less inclusive public domain. Citizens thus will have fewer rights to access and freely use their culture as they choose. The eventual significance of this evolution will be that further creativity and innovation will be stifled, the opposite of the intention of intellectual property law. In this article, we develop an affirmative definition of the public domain, which we believe will correct the imbalance in current intellectual property law. 相似文献
87.
Christopher Saunders 《Social Dynamics》2013,39(2):52-56
The Shaping of South African Society 1652–1820, edited by Richard Elphick and Hermann Giliomee. Cape Town: Longman, 1979. 相似文献
88.
Emotion Knowledge, Social Competence, and Behavior Problems in Childhood and Adolescence: A Meta-analytic Review 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The present meta-analytic review examined the magnitude of the relation between discrete emotion knowledge and three of its most commonly studied correlates in childhood and adolescence: social competence, internalizing problems, and externalizing problems. Emotion knowledge demonstrated small to medium-sized relations with each correlate. Moderators of effect size were also examined and included multiple sample and methodological characteristics. Using random effects models, significant moderators of effect size for relations between emotion knowledge and externalizing problems included sample recruitment, sample age, and the source of externalizing problems ratings. Moderators of effect size were not found for emotion knowledge and social competence, and the effect sizes across samples for emotion knowledge and internalizing problems were homogeneous. Results highlight the relatively consistent yet modest relations between emotion knowledge and its correlates. Implications for applied research and new directions for research on emotion knowledge using innovative methods are discussed. 相似文献
89.
90.
Christopher Wildeman 《Social science research》2012,41(1):74-91
This article extends research on the consequences of mass imprisonment and the factors shaping population health and health inequalities by considering the associations between imprisonment and population health—measured as life expectancy at birth and the infant mortality rate—and black-white differences in population health using state-level panel data from the United States (N = 669), 1980-2004. Results show that imprisonment is significantly associated with poorer population health, though associations between imprisonment and infant mortality and female life expectancy are somewhat more consistently statistically significant than are associations with male life expectancy, and associations are more pronounced and statistically significant for blacks than they are for whites. Results also show, however, that increases in imprisonment are associated with decreases in the mortality rates of young black men. Thus, though imprisonment tends to be associated with higher mortality risk and greater black-white differences in mortality, it may, in the short-run, have some paradoxical mortality benefits for young black men. 相似文献